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The operating ratio shows the efficiency of a company’s management by comparing operating expense to net sales.

Index futures are contracts based on a financial index, which can be bought or sold for speculative or hedging reasons, or for future delivery.

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is a U.S. government-run international development agency.

In economics, a multiplier refers to an economic factor that, when increased or changed, causes increases or changes in other related economic variables.

The Shadow Open Market Committee is an independent organization; originally created to evaluate Federal Reserve policy, it now has a broad policy scope.

The Mont Pelerin Society is a group of liberal economists, philosophers and historians (where classic liberalism denotes minimalist government).

The Iraqi Central Bank is the national central bank responsible primarily for managing monetary policy and supervision of the financial system in Iraq.

A buyout is the acquisition of a controlling interest in a company – and is used synonymously with acquisition.

A write-down is the book value of assets whose fair market value has fallen below the book value, and thus becomes an impaired asset.

Hire purchase contracts allow buyers to purchase expensive goods on credit, except they do not own the goods until the last installment has been paid.